Czech Literature Essay

1. Portray the fundamental characterizing purposes of Czech pre nineteenth century history. Czech writing envelops the areas of Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia. The Czech writing is isolated into numerous periods, the Middle Ages, the Hussite Period, the Baroque time frame and the edification that introduced the nineteenth century Czech writing. Czech writing is abnormally tri-lingual, using Czech, Latin then German. A large portion of the scholars before wrote in different dialects (I. e. German) that’s why a portion of these journalists and their works were delegated Austrian Literature. Early confirmations of Czech beautiful work around twelfth hundreds of years are the two melodies, Hospodine, pomiluj ny (Lord Have Mercy Upon Us) and Svaty Vaclave (Saint Wenceslas). In the thirteenth century, different political, social and social changes occurred. Sagas, for example, Alexandreis, the Chronicles of Dalimil, the expressive pieces Island Song and Cunigund’s Prayer, flagged the introduction of a one of a kind Czech writing. Enters the Hussite Era wherein the sole reason for the writing was to grow and spread the contentions and precepts of Jan Hus. Jan Hus was a philosophical author toward the start of the fifteenth century wherein he composed for the most part in Latin, and afterward Czech later on. In any case, he distributed an aggregation of his lessons in Czech and made guidelines of orthography and sentence structure that would later on be the establishment of present day Czech. Jan Hus’ works took into account the majority and for the most part comprise of social circumstances. This period genuinely created Czech strict tunes as exchanges for Latin songs and ceremony. Nonetheless, Hussite Literature was in many cases nullified by works guarding Catholicism simply like Jan Rokycana’s works. Humanism, another pattern in Bohemia supplanted the Hussite period. This type of writing principally managed about opponent works of Catholics in Latin and Protestants in Czech. Nonetheless, the Catholics at last developed successful after the Protestants were vanquished in the Battle of the White Mountain. Consequently, there was enticing re-Catholicization that prompts reallocations and ousting everything being equal. There was a parting of writing, the local Catholic and the ousted Protestants. This was known as the Baroque time frame. In any case, the Bohemian respectability was not normal for any European honorability during that time, they held uncommon courts for the aristocrats separate from the general population. This division came about to the powerlessness of the Baroque time of writing to extend and create. The most popular figure in Baroque Czech composing was John Commenius, an educator, scholar, and rationalist. He experienced childhood in Bohemia yet was later on banished because of Protestantism; and with his demise, Protestant writing withered away with him. After the downfall of Protestantism and the intensity of Catholicism, another advancement happened with the statement of Emperor Josef II to end feudalism and to endure opportunity of religion and thoughts. This guided edified elegance, or the use of normal thinking to all parts of life. Having a national language and a writing in one’s own language was viewed as important to assemble a character for the country. A restored enthusiasm for Czech people writing and exposition books that relates the history and advancement of the country of Czech, and a specific Czech wonderful style was created. 2. Depict the principal period of national restoration. Significant Figures The national recovery was a side project from the edification of Czech writing. These thoughts were about reestablishment of everything Czech; from science to expressions of the human experience and theater. In any case, there would in any case be far to go from being free from the German style and build up a special Czech style. This undertaking was particularly hard since German impact had length for such a significant number of years and the Czech language was at that point missing out. Thus, the solidarity among Czech residents was significantly settled and its association with Russia, just as rebuilding of the historicism and imparting patriotism among its kin. Bit by bit, advancement of Czech’s remarkable culture and customs at long last heightened to the point of governmental issues. This implies Czech’s status as a legislature is equivalent to Germany, with Czech having its own constitutions and nearby self-rule. Be that as it may, in 1848, there was a flare-up of unrest all over Europe and Germany had requested unification of other European nations with them. This included the lesser Germany or a more noteworthy Germany wherein Czech would be a piece of, as far as anyone knows. Be that as it may, Chancellor Matternich of Austria surrendered a month prior to the primary Austrian Constitution was broadcasted. By the by, uprisings were as yet inflexible and a show met in Vienna expecting to end the Viennese insurgency and Slavic countries who opposes Germany’s offer of fusing Austria into Germany as a major aspect of its more prominent Germany idea. Upon such a large number of catastrophes an Austro-Hungarian Settlement was reached, however this understanding completely disregarded Czech’s requests, which prompted a gathering of individuals at huge locales in Czech history. Along these lines, an understanding among Austria and Czech was create in 1871 and it included expanded authority of Czechs congregations. Anyway this understanding was defective with the end goal that it expanded discontent of Germans and Hungarians living in Czech and further dealings for the settlement was halted. The relationship among Czechs and Germans exacerbate in the long run, that this prompted the arrangement of Germans in Bohemia their own encased German region wherein German is the official language. 3. Mid nineteenth century writers After the illumination time frame and the national restoration battle, Romanticism entered the Czech writing scene. Frantisek Palacky was the main Slavic researcher with Vaclav Hanka (1791â€1861) who delivered Slavic messages that turned out to be a piece of Czech’s scholarly custom and culture. Additionally, the passage of three artistic figures, for example, Svatopluk Cech, Jan Neruda, and Joseph V. Sladek presented verse that was inclining towards the rich and the blue-bloods. Svatopluk Cech (1846-1908) was a Czech writer and author. He got renowned for his affection for opportunity and popular government and his tendency to Pan-Slavism. This energy with governmental issues was seen all through his numerous works; simply like The Adamites (1873), Zizka (1879), and Vaclav of Michalovice (1880). His ironical novel Excursion of Mr. Broucek to the Moon (1886) was very much viewed just as his unspoiled composition In the Shade of the Linden Tree (1879). Jan Neruda (1834-1891) was a Czech writer and artist. A local of Prague, his renowned Stories from Mala Strana (1878) were gotten from his youth in Prague. It additionally demonstrated silly understanding of the Czech white collar class that shows Czech authenticity. Joseph V. Sladek (1845-1912) was a Czech writer and interpreter. His works were affected by Shakespearean plays since he lived in the United States for a long time and the showed English in Prague and interpreted much American and English compositions into Czech. Sladek’s verse were free-refrains and short sooner or later, exhibiting his own distresses and nationalistic belief system. His assortments were entitled Basne [poems] (1875) and Sluncem a stinem [in sun and shade] (1887). 4. Advancement of Czech Theater Early performance center in Czech was basically made out of mainstream and ritualistic shows that current strict subjects. These shows were generally performed by proficient on-screen characters and entertainers. The Baroque Jesuit Drama was typically school plays that were controlled by the Jesuit Order of Priests in the sixteenth and seventeenth century. The subject was for the most part about nation society as introduced to the urbanized open. Proficient auditorium was made accessible by outside entertainers who ventured out starting with one nation then onto the next. They are typically Germans and English, some others Italians, just as French. Theater, didn't get away from the National Revival Project of the Czechs. Exhibitions are to be executed utilizing fundamentally the Czech language. Vlastenecke divadlo or the Patriotic Theater, the Bouda or the Shack, and the Nostitz Building of the National Theater, were the start of Czech Porfessional Theater. Czech expert auditorium arrived at the wide open spaces through J. A. Prokop’s organization theater where they made their exhibitions utilizing manikins in 1849. At long last, the opening of the Prozatimni Divadlo or Provisional Theater in 1862, Czech Theater made its own character separated from German Theater. Therefore, the original of Czech Porfessional entertainers developed like Josef Jiri Kolar and Anna Kolarova-Manetinska. Czech Opera likewise developed startlingly with seven debuts by Bedrich Smetana and five Antonin Dvorak (Czech Republic Website). The opening of the National Theater in Prague in 1883 acquainted Czech Theater with the entire of Europe. Exhibitions in Czech language began to increment and styles, for example, authenticity and naturalism created. At that point in the start of the twentieth century the cutting edge of Czech performance center appeared and crafted by Jiri Mahen, Frana Sramek and Viktor Dyk, guided the symbolist and impressionist dramatizations. Another style of acting was likewise creating through concentrating on the brain and pysche of the character, and this was introduced by Hana Kvapilova and Eduard Vojan, among numerous others. The Municipal Theater at Kralovske Vinohradyopened in Prague in 1907, and Karel Hugo Hilar played out the craft of expressionism in theater. The improvement of Czech Theater was joined by the development of Czech Theater Critics just as magazines, for example, Scena were distributed. In 1918, wherein the advancement of an Independent Czechoslovakia was beginning to mix, litearary works became widespread speaking to nationalistic thoughts and use of Czech language. Styles, for example, Avant-garde in Fantasy and Comedy likewise developed. Be that as it may, when the Nazi Occupation arrived at Czechoslovakia, all performance centers were shut in 1944. At that point in 1948, Czech venue rose again with another reason, Socialist Realism. This was principally a propagand

Clean Well Lighted Place Free Essays

â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† is composed by Ernest Hemingway. The subject of this story is life as nothingness. The story begins with an old hard of hearing man sitting alone in a cafâ ©. We will compose a custom paper test on Clean Well Lighted Place or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now There are two servers who watch and look out for the elderly person since he tends to drink excessively and if this happens they realize he will exit and not pay. The server discusses how the elderly person attempted to execute himself since he was hopelessly; the other server inquires as to why he felt despair and the primary server said the explanation was nothing in light of the fact that the elderly person has a ton of cash. The elderly person is a very nteresting character; we realize he once had a spouse, however now is separated from everyone else with his niece. This story depicts the pattern of life and how environmental factors can influence our enthusiastic state. In this story there aren’t a ton of subtleties that jump out at the perusers. The perusers need to peruse the story and over again to at last get it. As the content is perused, the elderly person becomes inebriated around evening time at the cafâ © and preferences drinking there on the grounds that it’s spotless and well lit. The more youthful server tells the elderly person that there are bars open this late, however the elderly person prefers the cafâ © in light of the fact that bars are totally different of what he ikes. The cafâ © is well lit, spotless and calm; bars are noisy, dim and grimy which is something the elderly person doesn’t need to be near. In the cafâ © there are two servers that are working; one is more established and the other is more youthful. When perusing the story the perusers can get a thought of the waiters’ age Just by the vernacular. The more youthful server needs the elderly person to return home so he can return home to his significant other. The more established server attempts to disclose to the more youthful server that that elderly person was once hitched once, perhaps even had a family at one purpose of time in his life, however now the sum total of what he has is his niece. His niece spared the old man’s life when he attempted to murder himself; she chop down the rope when he attempted to hang himself. They don’t know why he would slaughter himself, he had a lot of cash. The servers discussed how he attempted to end it all and how he did it since he was despondently. The more established server inquired as to why and the more youthful server said â€Å"nothing†. They were holding on to quit for the day cafâ ©, however the elderly person was still there; yes he was hard of hearing and flushed yet he was tranquil and didn’t make a lot of commotion. The elderly person requested another beverage and the youthful server gives him the beverage and says the elderly person, mfou ought to have slaughtered ourself a week ago. † (Hemmingway 143). The more established server attempts to disclose to the more youthful server that mature age is a horrendous thing, that one day he will be there and he doesn’t know how he will be or how he will act when he is an elderly person. The elderly person waved for another beverage however the youthful server cannot; the elderly person paid and left the cafâ ©. The more youthful server is restless and unfeeling as some might want to contend. He’s eager to return home to his better half, and needs to leave on the grounds that not at all like the elderly person he isn’t desolate. The content show that the more youthful server says juvenile remarks regarding the old an on the grounds that he needs to return home, however he doesn’t consider the elderly person, he just contemplates himselt. The more youthful server doesn’t think like the elderly person, elderly person ponders numerous thinks profoundly, yet the more youthful server doesn’t consider anybody, yet what the more youthful server doesn’t appear to acknowledge is that he won’t be youthful until the end of time. In a manner he is Just similar to the more youthful individuals in our general public now: lighthearted, youthful and foolish. As perusers can contend youthful people have as long as they can remember in front of them, so adolescents ought to be cheerful as it were. The more established aiter likes to remain late at the cafâ © Just like the elderly person and he attempts to disclose to the more youthful server that the elderly person likes to remain up on the grounds that he prefers it; the more youthful server Just disregards it and says that he is forlorn. The more seasoned server knows how the elderly person is on the grounds that they are both in a manner hesitant to return home. The more established server can identify with the elderly person on account of their age closeness, also, he exits without paying. The explanation he favors the elderly person is on the grounds that perhaps one day he will require somebody to keep a cafâ © open late Just for him. The elderly person likes remaining out late ecause he has nothing to return home to, he says he has a sleeping disorder and that numerous individuals have that. As perusers can contend the more established server most likely discloses to himself that so he truly doesn’t appear to be distant from everyone else in light of the fact that more established individuals who have nothing to return home to attempt to consume their brain so they don’t wilt away in their own downturn. Some would likewise contend Hemingway differentiates light and shadow, possibly the complexity among youthful and old; fretful and loose; family fellow and no family fellow. Since the elderly person is hard of hearing, a few perusers could state it’s an approach to remove himself from everybody, similar to an image of partition structure the world since he is more established. The most effective method to refer to Clean Well Lighted Place, Papers

African Culture Essays (1542 words) - African Pygmies,

African Culture When attempting to thoroughly analyze the music-culture and society of the Mbuti and that of the Venda, it gets hard to remark on sound when we haven't heard any Venda music. It's anything but difficult to perceive that for the Mbuti the music typifies the core of the backwoods, and for the Venda the connection to nature is the demonstration of a mother conceiving an offspring. Considering idea and conduct this makes the music performed by the two societies discrete and recognizable. This is the place culture and condition become significant components. How perceptible is this when tuning in to the music of the two people groups? Whenever allowed the chance to tune in, without a prepared ear, it is hard to track down contrasts in the sound of the music. There are clear contrasts in instrumentation between the two societies. While the Mbuti basically performs music with their voices, the Venda use drums, woodwinds, and different instruments. There are similitudes between the two gatherings with ?privileges of section.' The Venda young ladies play out the Domba, and the Mbuti young ladies rehearse and play out the Elima. Clear. Social qualifications can be made between the two gatherings concerning ?privileges of section.' When it is the ideal opportunity for the Mbuti young ladies to play out the Elima, they go into a hovel and are segregated from the remainder of the world. The young men of the tribe attempt to drive their way into their preferred cabin to discover the lady. The Venda young ladies playing out the Domba, are out in the open and obvious for the men and everybody around to see. Since the Mbuti is of the woods, and the Venda is a town based gathering, there are presumably numerous social customs and practices that are altogether different. These distinctions might be hard to recognize with the materials accessible to us as Westerners. Seeing the two societies perform live would empower an individual to disc over contrasts and draw upon matches. In the two social orders there is a noticeable correlation between the detachment guys and females when performing ?privileges of section.' In the two societies we consider a to be interest in music as a consistent idea to endurance, and an independence is kept inside the music as it's being performed. The Venda accepts that every single individual have the ability to be melodic. Blacking sets this idea while expressing that, The Venda may not think about unmusical individuals, yet they do perceive that a few people perform superior to other people. (pg.46 Blacking, 1973) a similar general idea may remain constant with the Mbuti, the idea that we are all by one way or another offspring of the timberland. The relationship that the Mbuti has with the outside towns for arrangements and the treatment they get in these towns can be seen as a differentiation. How close does the Venda come to taking after the town bunches sited in Turnbulls look into? Is this where the majority of the differentiations can be made? The Mbuti is basically a woodland staying gathering, depending on the timberland for a large portion of their means . The Mbuti utilizes the molimo as their principle instrument, when a senior kicks the bucket, functions occur utilizing this instrument by the men. The Venda is increasingly mind boggling socially, and they utilize more instruments. Indeed, even the mentality the Mbuti has toward every day life and music appears to be significantly more loose and straightforward. Are there a similar round stream or circling designs in the music of the two societies? Do the two societies have a descending movement in tunes? The Mbuti is comical with an occasionally intense side to their silliness. Does this exist at all in Venda culture? The Mbuti has a formal taking care of the molimo, utilizing fire and water to satisfy the soul of the instrument. Is this kind of custom movement normal at all in the Venda? The Mbuti ladies for the most part don't take an interest when the molimo is available, however the music appears to separate any sexual orientation hindrances as it was referenced in class that the ladies, realize what's happening. Western specialists of music have the advantage of a pen and scratch pad paper, earphones and CD players, present day instruments and studio gear. While the way of life we are finding out about have no such extravagance. Annoy makes this reality a stride

Mandatory Drug Test Essay - 1100 Words

Mandating Drug Testing for Welfare Recipients (Essay Sample) Content: Mandating Drug Testing for Welfare RecipientsStudentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s nameInstitutional affiliationProfessorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameCourse TitleDateMandating Drug Testing for Welfare RecipientsIntroductionThe issue of whether to embrace a mandatory drug testing for recipients has posed a major dilemma in the US. Some parts of the US are supporting the idea, but some other parts have an intense opposition. As critically examined, according to the arguments put forth, one can deduce that indeed the mandatory drug testing is beneficial. It is undoubted that the process is costly, but the idea of ignoring it is much more costly. Looking at how various critics argue, it is evident that the issue of embracing mandatory drug testing for welfare recipients is beneficial. The people who cannot control their degree of substance abuse are only a threat to the wellbeing of an organization. This essay discusses a number of issues on mandatory drug test for welfare recipients. It tackles the r ole played by the mandatory drug tests for the recipients and various critics' argument concerning the issue critically.Facts and Findings of Mandatory Drug Test (Claims)Alcoholism is hazardous; according to the statistics from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, about 87.6% of youth and adults from the age 18 and above tasted alcohol in their life. About 71 % are reported to have tested alcohol in the previous year and 56.3% tested it in the previous month (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2012). According to their statistics, alcoholism is one of the deadliest things compared to other causes of death. Approximately 88,000 individuals die from substance abuse annually. Therefore, this figures show that the issue of drug abuse should not be treated as a joke. The issue of drug test for welfare recipients is also beneficial as much as healthy living is concerned.From the available statistics, it can be derived that the problem of drug abuse is a utomatically one of the most escalating menaces in the US. It is mostly prevalent, especially among the welfare populations. The US government has made various attempts to reduce the rate of drug abuse among the health populations. The efforts to curb this catastrophic issue have been rejected in the past by most of the organizations. Some critics have argued that drug and substance abuse is most common among the bachelors and fewer among the single ladies. Many of the recipients have differed with this idea as much as it is beneficial to them. The US government has struggled with the issue of mandatory drug testing. For instance, at some point, the individuals who refused compulsory drug testing were prevented from accessing some federal benefits. The drug testing process may cost the company or organization a lot of money, but it is crucial to test. According to the drug-free Act at workplace that was passed in 1988 by the federal government, it requires that organizations should undergo the mandatory drug tests to receive a grant. On the other hand, drug test can also be used as an avenue to indicate fairness at the workplace.According to another study conducted by the Center for Alcohol and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, most cases that result in child mistreatment and abandonment are caused by drug and substance abuse. Their research shows that cocaine is the most abused drug (Jr., J. A. 1999, 2012). According to these findings, it is clearly evident that if drug testing among welfare recipients was embraced, there would be a decline in such cases and it will save the nation the agony of drug and substance abuse. The nation will have a method to control this mayhem hence a drug-free country. Therefore, mandating drug test for welfare recipients is essential.Evidence Gathered in Favor of Mandatory Drug Test (Data)The mandatory drug testing is essential to the employers, because it ensures that they do not involve in consumption of illegal drugs at the workplace. Some of the jobs are very vulnerable and require the employees to be very keen. For example, a job that involves driving a truck or a Public Service Vehicle will require the driver to be sober and alert. Therefore, in such a situation, drug testing is essential. It ensures that the public servants do not work under the influence hence show best results. The mandatory drug testing is also critical in saving employers from future problems. After spending the money initially on the test, this will prevent potential and performing employees from indulging in drug abuse that may lead to underperformance at workplace. It will also save the company the cost of compensating the injured employee at the workplace.Facts that Support the Evidence Gathered (Warrant)The drug testing process also ensures safety of employees at the workplace. As they undergo the tests, it will ensure that they do not work while under the influence, and the other employees will be protected from the potential catastrophic occurrence that comes as a result of drug and substance abuse. Drug testing is also a requirement by the federal government. Therefore, a company that wishes to receive grants from the federal government has an obligation of conducting the drug test. In addition to this, employees are also not left out because it is clear that to secure a government contract or tender, they ought to undergo the mandatory drug test.According to Elizabeth Freeman, the justification for fairness argues that some of the organizations in the US undergo the drug test to show tolerance (Freeman, n.d.). She bases her argument on the fact that in the year 2011 the Floridaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s state governor required employees in Florida to submit to the idea of drug test. According to the governor, the employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s salary came from the taxpayersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ money. Therefore, the only way to ensure that the taxpayers do not feel they are funding drug abuse was making the employees spend t heir dollars in mandatory drug test. Consequently, in terms of fairness, mandatory drug testing for employees was necessary (Freeman, n.d.).Another established journalist also argued that embracing the mandatory drug testing is the fairest thing to do. He based his facts on grounds that most private and public companies undergo the process as a requirement before resuming a particular job (Walters, 2012). This idea is indeed correct because in ensuring that employees are treated on equal grounds, a fair working environment is necessary. This working condition can only be made fair by mandatory drug test.Why embracing Mandatory Tests for Welfare workers is Essential (Backing)According to the findings discussed, it can be evident that the mandatory drug testing is essential in as much as success or prosperity of a company is concerned. Generally, working in an environment of people with the habit of abusing alcohol is quite devastating. Despite the fact that mandatory drug testing inv olves some cash, it tremendously saves the company against future losses just as Freeman has described it. In addition, Waltersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ argument concerning the issue is also valid because he points out on how embracing the idea is beneficial to the mandatory drug test.In addition to these facts, the US federal government has also recognized the need for mandatory drug test for the welfare recipients. Basing on the report that is derived from the National Poverty Center, it can clearly be deduced that the governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s effort to ensure that the military group and other ordinary employees undergo the drug test is not vain. These people are supposed to test negative against substance abuse. The money spent for the drug test is derived from the taxpayers; therefore, welfare recipients should not find it a big deal to embrace the test (CDC, 2013)Arguments against Mandatory Drug Test for Welfare Recipients (Counter-claims)The opposition to mandatory drug test has also been see n in the rise. Following the US opinion towards this matter, myriads of activists have come up to oppose this act. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) has significantly opposed the idea of mandatory drug test to welfare recipients. They have termed this act as unconstitutional and it shows how à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"blindà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ the state is on the kind of money they are going to spend in implementing the law (Bloom, 2012). Ms. Bloom has condemned the governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s move to embrace this law as it is in contradiction of the Fourth Amendment to the US Constitution and it infringes the amendment on the privacy invasion clause. According to her, this law is stereotypical, insensible and unfair (Bloom, 2012)Another aspect of opposition to mandatory drug testing can be evident when the ACLU say that the idea of testing is the governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s strategy to discriminate upon some communities on grounds of color. They accuse the law of stigmatizing upon the poor whom ACLU term as people pursuing one type of public aid. It is a forum for the state's government to oppress this kind of individuals who are helpless....

Suicide Among Teenagers How Do Social Factors Worsen A...

Suicide among Teenagers How do social factors worsen a teenager’s depression leading to his suicide? Suicide is a prevalent problem that occurs throughout the world especially in adolescents. In Judith Guest’s novel Ordinary People, she discusses the issues that a teenager encounters after the death of a loved one as well as his constant struggles dealing with his parents. Outside sources give insight what adolescents face within the family, with friends, and the emotional disruption it can cause leading to thoughts of suicide. Social environments can cause psychological difficulties aggravating the thoughts of a depressed teenager. Factors such as peer, family, and psychological influences can exacerbate a teenager’s severity of depression ultimately leading to his suicide. To begin with, suicide is common among many young adolescents. Those who seek suicide view it as an option to end the pain they are dealing with. Friends that do not understand the issue can worsen the situation and the teenager feels even more isolated. Adolescents are more prone to suicide when they have little to no relationship to members of society. Social groups as school that exclude a teenager, cause him to feel isolated and unwanted, which lead to self-harm. Those that feel isolated withdraw from society and activities that once made them happy. Non-communication with friends can lead an adolescent to feel as though he is a burden or are not worth having friends. If this occurs, it canShow MoreRelatedBullying Effects900 Words   |  4 Pagesspreading rumors, calling someone names or through the Internet, there are many different causes of bullying, why it occurs, and how it effects the victim. The causes of bullying can influence how the bully decides to target a victim. Victims of bullying can be targeted through physical, verbal, indirect or cyber bullying. 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Cloning, Pros and Cons Essay - 2998 Words

The young couple sat in the waiting room of the doctors office with their heads hung low. They mumbled between themselves, wondering what the doctor would say at this visit. It is their ump-teenth check-up to try and figure out why they have not been able to conceive a child for the past 5 years. The woman wants with all of her heart to give birth to a child of her very own. They wondered if the doctor could do anything else to help them. Would the dream of having a baby of the couples own blood vanish? Would the doctor have any other suggestions? Is this the end of their rope, or is there another option? Only a few blocks away, at the General Hospital, lies a one-week-old girl with bronchiolitis obliterans, a disease that causes†¦show more content†¦Could people be cloned without conscious brains, so their body parts could be harvested with fewer moral worries? Could vital organs be grown using cloning without the rest of the body? (New Scientist, 2003). Could a woman clone herself or her husband to have a child? The idea of humans someday cloning themselves (created from a cell without sexual reproduction) is now closer to reality (Daniel Levine, 2001). Types of Cloning There are actually two types of cloning: reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Reproductive cloning is making human beings asexually. In reproductive cloning, the offspring receives genetic information from one parent through a duplication process in a laboratory. DreamTech International states, All we need is a tiny swab of cell tissue from the inside of your mouth, which is used to obtain the genetic material for producing an embryo with your DNA. If you are female, you have the option of being implanted with the embryo yourself, or hiring a surrogate birther (2002). The reason for doing this process could be for a number of reasons: to prevent congenital disorders, to propagate the genes of someone who has had no children in the conventional manner, to have a specific type of offspring, or in the situation of not being able to reproduce sexually (Dream Technologies International, 2002). There is almost a universal agreement that cloning human beings is so unsafe and, to s ome, morally repugnant that itShow MoreRelatedCloning Pros And Cons Of Cloning1147 Words   |  5 Pages Cloning Pros Cons Nicole Hedrick Baker College HSC 402A /Dr. Eric Oestmann/Seminar Two Position/Argument Essayâ€Æ' Abstract A clone is where two organisms share the same exact DNA. These two organisms are the same identical replica of each other. In the past, cloning has taken place naturally. For instance, a couple who naturally conceived and gave birth to identical twins or triplets. Today, science and technology has been introduced to where cloning can intentionally be done. Some peopleRead MorePros And Cons Of Cloning1109 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Cloning? Cloning is a number of processes that are used to create genetically identical copies of an organism. Researchers have cloned a number of biological materials, such as genes, cells, tissues and whole organisms, including sheep s and horses. Cloning can happen naturally in identical twins, but it can also be done in a lab. (Cloning Fact Sheet). Pros: . Parents with no eggs and sperm can create children that are genetically related to them. . Endangered plants and animals canRead MorePros And Cons Of Cloning1106 Words   |  5 PagesCloning is a number of processes that are used to create genetically identical copies of an organism. Researchers have cloned a number of biological materials, such as genes, cells, tissues and whole organisms, including sheep s and horses. Cloning can happen naturally in identical twins, but it can also be done in a lab. (Cloning Fact Sheet). Pros: . Parents with no eggs and sperm can create children that are genetically related to them. . Endangered plants and animals can be cloned to saveRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Human Cloning1532 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual’s perspectives, human cloning is something that I feel is unjust. Human cloning is fallacious and immoral due to lack of positive results and lack of liberty to the individual being duplicated. In this paper, I will discuss why human cloning should no longer be considered a means of reproducing and also discuss why the numbers themselves should deter someone from wanting to be cloned. As Leon R. Kass states in his article, â€Å"Cloning of human beings†, the cloning of a human being takes away fromRead MorePros And Cons Of Cloning909 Words   |  4 PagesFor quite some time, cloning has been a largely debated topic in society. Most people in the U.S. feel like cloning is morally wrong and takes innocent lives, but others think that it is beneficial and could be a big advancement in modern science. Cloning to produce humans has been outl awed in most countries, but in some, cloning for therapeutic reasons is still a dispute. Cloning can lead to revolutionary medical treatments such as cures for cancer, diabetes, Parkinsons, Alzheimers, MultipleRead MoreThe List Of Pros And Cons Of Human Cloning1624 Words   |  7 PagesThe list of Pros and cons of human cloning Summary: The necessary technology has been created, as evident in the story of Dolly the sheep. People still pose questions such as the role of God in Society. Here is a list of pros of human cloning : It could eliminate defective genes , It is considered as the logical next step in the reproductive technology, It could aid in faster recoveries from injuries, it gives a new meaning to genetic modification. As all things human cloning also has cons. Here isRead MoreThe Benefits Of Human Cloning : Pros And Cons1254 Words   |  6 PagesFor starters, cloning has said to solve the continuous problem of infertility by inserting a clone embryo into the woman’s body. This guarantees infertile couples a child, as opposed to wasting time and money on other painful and emotional procedures that don’t offer this guarantee. The next benefit offers an immense amount of growth in regenerative medicine and assists those with physical disabilities by producing clones of themselves. Wh y clone themselves if they have a disability? Scientists canRead MorePros and Cons of Cloning Humans906 Words   |  4 Pagesthe world on 23 February 1997.Soon after the announcement, the media attention was diverted by the possibility of cloning a human. Although the scientists from the Roslin Institute who had made the significant breakthrough with Dolly denied the possibility of creating human clones, the idea was still wide debated about the risks and benefits of human cloning. So, what is cloning? Cloning is a process of generating a new organism by an identical genetic copy of the original donor. The DNA of the twoRead MorePros And Cons Of Animal Cloning1277 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal Cloning Applications and Morality Concerns One fateful afternoon, a father discovers that their beloved pet kitten is deceased on the side of the roadway. The parents are worried about telling their children the sad news because they will be devastated. Luckily, the parents reach out to a company that offers animal cloning. With just a sample of the kitten’s DNA, they can produce an exact match and an identical copy that will soon replace their lost family pet. While this story demonstratesRead MoreCons And Pros Of Cloning Essay1988 Words   |  8 Pagesmost people think of cloning, they think of a scientist that uses DNA to make an exact replica of someone . Cloning is a lot more complicated and more controversial than that . According to the American Heritage Dictionary Cloning is defined as â€Å"A group of cells, or organism that is descended from and genetically identical to a common ancestor , such as a bacterial colony whose members arose from a single original cell . Ever since August,1,2001 Cloning had been banned .Cloning was banned for many

The Choice “The Corp of Discovery” Essay Sample free essay sample

Joining Meriwether Lewis and William Clark’s expedition to the Pacific would be most exciting and educational than tugging along the backbreaking trek to the Great Salt Lake headed by Church of jesus christ of latter-day saintss in hunt of safety ( Utah Travel Industry ) or going across the state on a waggon trail to Oregon ( Flora ) . Furthermore. voyaging to the Pacific and researching the western districts in the Lewis and Clark expedition is a worthwhile experience because of its fruitful part to the state. The caput of authorities during that clip was Thomas Jefferson. The Louisiana Purchase Treaty allowed the authorities to be in ownership of districts in the western parts of the universe. Jefferson ordered Lewis to carry on an expedition in order to research the western parts and at the same clip. detect a path that is accessible by H2O to the Pacific. ( The National Archives ) Lewis and Clark have made legion finds and parts particularly to the field of scientific discipline. We will write a custom essay sample on The Choice: â€Å"The Corp of Discovery† Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page First. they have met Indians. whom they ab initio thought were â€Å"armed and unsafe. However. their first and 2nd contact with Indian folks in Missouri was warm and pleasant as the Sioux folk welcomed them affably. They continued with their expedition until the winter season when the icy Waterss hindered them from acquiring on with the expedition. By this clip. they have reached North Dakota. When they continued on with their expedition. they have experienced a batch of things such as seeing unfamiliar animals like the silvertip bears. made contact with Sacagawea. see the Rocky Mountains and the Great Falls for the first clip. searched for the cantonment of the Shoshone folk to inquire for Equus caballuss in order to go on with the expedition. ran into a group of flathead Indians. and eventually. making the Pacific ocean. ( National Geographic ) Although the people who joined the expedition about died of cold and famishment and had troubles voyaging to the Pacific. the full journey was a rewarding experience. Having to see the impressiveness of nature and the neer before seen beautiful sceneries is adequate to convert me of traveling with â€Å"The Corp of Discovery. † Plants Cited Flora. Stephenie.Emigrants to Oregon in 1843. 2004. Oregon Pioneers. 5 April 2008 lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. oregonpioneers. com/1843. htm gt ; . National Geographic.The Lewis and Clark Journey Log. 5 April 2008. National Geographic Society. 5 April 2008 lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. nationalgeographic. com/lewisandclark/journey_intro. hypertext markup language gt ; . Perry. Douglas.Teaching with Documents: The Lewis and Clark Expedition. The National Archivess. 5 April 2008 lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. archives. gov/education/lessons/lewis-clark/ gt ; . Utah Travel Industry.Salt Lake City History. 5 April 2008. Utah. Com. 5 April 2008 lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Utah. com/cities/slc_history. htm gt ; .

Ocean pollution research paper Essays - Ocean Pollution,

Ocean pollution research paper Natalie OBrien English 1A Dr. Walters The Dead Connection The land is an abundant source of flora and fauna which coexist in nature to obtain and depend on each resource that the land as to offer. All these organisms have learned to coexist with one another except for one, mankind. We have become a powerful force of destruction to nature because we were taught by one another that nature is to be a tamed commodity. We see nature as something we must overcome in order to sustain life on this planet. In fact, taming nature will become the destruction of all mankind. We must lead a life of recognition and appreciation of the land and all that it provides. To be able to maintain existence on our earth, humans must live on this earth recognizing that our destructive treatment of our land must come to end by reconnecting and restoring a better relationship with the land. Restoration with nature is a timely process that can take decades to recover from. Humans must take small steps that will make big changes towards the future of how we live on this earth. The process of reconnecting with nature not only begins on land, but also with the ocean. Humans maintain the idea that the ocean is too massive and resilient for anything to harm it. That idea that ocean is indestructible has met its end. The biggest enemy to our ocean is pollution. Ocean pollution is a big problem that has consequences of damaging marine life, and effecting humans as well. Ocean pollution occurs when waste products or other substances, such as microorganisms, chemicals, or sewage, change the physical, thermal, chemical or biological characteristics of the water. This affects living species and reducing the water's beneficial uses. Unfortunately, humans are the major contributors to the pollution of our ocean. Things such as plastic waste, sewage, and contamination of marine life is all apart of this major issue of ocean pollution. One major contributor is industrial sediments such as household products, automotive products contain harmful products that run back to the ocean. This is harmful to marine communities and to marine animals. Chemicals such as PCBs are harmful to both wildlife and humans. These chemicals have damaging effects on the neurological, and immune systems of both wild life and humans. A 2008 study in the journal Science reports,40 percent of the seas are heavily impacted, while only 4 percent remain pristine. Coastal sprawl and loss of habitat are also reducing our ability to restore our seas. Add to this the effects of fossil-fuel-fired climate change-including warming, rising seas, polar melting, and ocean acidification that make it harder for shell-forming critters from krill to corals to survive -- and its understandable why some leading marine scientists have begun to despair. Reports like this are devastating and alarming to read. H umans must realize that we are the number one contributor to the oceans pollution. There is only one ocean, and we must restore a better connection with the most vital and ONLY water source we have. Understanding our unfortunate part in ocean pollution will be the first solution to rewind from the damage humans have started in order to sustain life on this very planet. Humans have natural tendencies of wanting to be connected through technology. Social media, text messages, and the internet are just a few ways humans have to be connected to each other. But what about having a connected relationship to nature? Oddly enough, a society that has many ways of being connected has lost a connection to the foundation of life, the land. The land represents every aspect of nature including the ocean. Thousands of years ago, the ways humans maintained connection to each other was through the sea. The ocean was a vast interconnection between land and sea that humans used as a vessel of exploration. In todays world, the ocean has turned into a sea of plastic waste. Plastic is hazardous to both our wildlife but also to seafood that humans consume on a daily basis. Plastic is a major problem because plastic, unlike other materials, never degrades. We must help to reduce our usage of plastic for the sake and

Travel Agent in the Leisure Industry

Travel Agent in the Leisure Industry Introduction Leisure sector is one of the highly developing now as living in the modern world, many people spend too much time at work and when it comes to leisure they are unable to understand what they want to do.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Travel Agent in the Leisure Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Planning leisure time and helping people understand what they want to do is a complicated process as tastes differ. Moreover, the work with people is always complicated. Travel agents are people who spend their time on organizing vacation for those who are busy and when it comes to journey they prefer to use the services of the professionals. Travel agents are not just people who offer the country to travel and the hotel, travel agents are those who organize all the sides and details of the trip doing all possible that a client should worry about nothing. The responsibilities of travel agents Travel agents are responsible for making sure that their clients are satisfied with the received services. To guarantee such effect, travel agents have to perform a number of activities. First of all, one of the main responsibilities of a travel agent is to create a tour package. This is a number of services which include all the necessary items while traveling. Buying a tour package, a client should just pack his/her things and get to the airport. All other services should be included in the tour package. Transportation, transfer, accommodation, excursions and other services are usually included in the tour packages. In most cases travel agents sell the tour packages which were created many years ago and tourists constantly go there. However, there may be cases when some clients want something unique, or the tour package has become out of date. In this case travel agents are responsible for developing an absolutely new tour package. This work is rather hard and time consuming as in most c ases the development of a new tour requires the travel to the new place, search for interesting attractions and trying to make sure that the quality of the services and their price are balanced.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, travel agents are responsible for promoting and marketing their business, making financial and statistical records to calculate the income rate and budgeting for the future projects, dealing with customer and doing all possible to meet their expectations. The profession of a travel agent is a complicated as working with people, all travel agents should possess the knowledge of psychology trying to predict the desires of clients, to make agreements with travel partners such as airlines and hotels, to organize bookings and schedules which may be completed for one year in advance. The value of travel agents in the contemporary world The value of travel agents in the modern world cannot be overestimated. Many people got used to luxury and comfort and selecting the service which is going to organize their leisure such people want to have the best. Most of businessmen are not going to search on the Internet trying to understand what place they want to visit, which hotel they will use and what documents they are to gather to get a visa. Travel agents are created for such cases. This profession requires from people high education, creativity, knowledge of psychology and the ability to work with people. Travel agents should know the range of the services they provide and the countries they may offer to the clients. Being too busy, many people are unable to think about the place they want to visit, therefore, it is the responsibility of a travel agent to offer the places which may be interesting for a client on the sum of money he/she can spend. Travel agents are like the wedding organizers or the office manage rs in the company. Their services may be performed by people themselves, but due to the sharing of responsibilities, tough schedule and much work, many people prefer to shift their responsibilities to others making all possible to get the highest profit from this.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Travel Agent in the Leisure Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What motivates travel agents in the leisure sector? Travel agents are highly motivated people in the leisure sector. Being able to create the unique services, these people may get more money. If to imagine the modern tourism, it becomes obvious that most of the popular places are always abound with people. However, there is a group of people who want to have a rest in the places where they will not meet to many tourists. Such services are unique as a travel agent will have to create the tour package with well not be used by the masses. The unique serv ices cost more in all spheres, therefore, the financial part is the fist motive. The ability to work with people and to satisfy their needs is another factor. The observation of the personal success, the opportunity to see that you managed to help another person with the choice, to see the grateful eyes is also important. Work with people is a complicated affair which is also pleasant. One more factor which motivated travel agents in the leisure sector is the opportunity to see the world. When travel agents develop a new tour they have to visit this new place. Moreover, there may be the necessity to visit the already existing tours to make sure all the services are completed properly. The challenges of managing travel agents It is rather difficult to manage travel agents in the modern competing world. The competition is so high that it becomes hard to sell the product and to develop a new tour package. Travel agents should be familiar with marketing sphere as to sell the product, it should be correctly advertised. The reduction of the prices is not really effective with some category of people, however it still remains the main marketing aspect. Most travel agents are creative people who may have complexities with documentation. Moreover, there are different problems with selling the booked services. If travel agents are unable to sell those, the company may lose great sum of money. The seasonal changes also affect the travel agents who should search for the ways to sell the product at any place, price and quality. Managing travel agents one should understand the peculiarity of work of these people as only in this case travel agents will be able to be cope with their work effectively.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sharing of the responsibilities is one more issue which should be considered by the managers as travel agents should work in agreement, without allowing many people develop the same tour package. Succession planning for travel agents in the leisure sector Travel agents should carefully plan succession in their sector to make sure that the further agents will be informed about the work which has already been done. It is important to have good archive where the data about the tour packages with the statistical data about the most successful and interesting ones is gathered. Travel agents should also care about the list of the clients who use their services every year with the concise data about all the travels of the client with the reflection. The information is one of the main aspects in travel agent’s work, therefore, sharing the data, agents should make sure that the next travel agent will use the collected information appropriately. Modern technologies and the development of software allow travel agents gather al the necessary information and keep it in computers. Special software programs devoted to booking places and composing the tour packages are able to save the information about clients and their desire. Planning in travel agency department is important as in another sector of leisure industry. Good planning brings much profit and the successful succession planning for travel agents in the leisure sector adds to the reputation of the agency indirectly and improves its image. People will return to the agency and will tell their friends about it if they are satisfied with the services. The importance of travel agents in visitor attraction operations The place of the travel agents in the visitor attraction operations is high as planning the trips and developing the tour packages, travel agents should pay attention to entertainment. Most of the hotels have simplest attractions, animators and other services which may help people enjoy their vacation s. In case the hotel does not have enough attractions and services for entertaining, travel agents should search for the nearest places where tourists may go. Travel agents are to spend much time on selecting the most appropriate place as the services tourists get there will be reflected on the image of the travel agency. The reputation of the place of entertainment should be appropriate. Thus, agents play important role in the development of the places of attraction in the recreations. Travel agents are to check the place before sending tourists there, that is why the taste and the creative thinking of these people is the main factor in developing the entertainment program. Moreover, the places of interest tourists are to visit also depend on the informative nature of travel agents. A good travel agent will always offer a good program for their clients and point on the most exciting attractions. Conclusion Therefore, it should be concluded that the profession of a travel agent is i mportant. Being too busy, people are unable to waste their time on planning their trips. Many working people do not have enough time to have a rest, therefore, when people are about to go for a trip, they prefer to use the services of those who are can professionally organize their vacation. In many cases, travel agents care about everything, document, visas, transfer, hotel and excursions to make sure that a client is satisfied. The variety of places and services help travel agents work with people of different income and social status. The profession of a travel agent is creative and interesting as composing the tour packages agents are to use their imagination to make sure that the work they perform is going to be in a demand.

Analysis of Article about Aspects of the Media Essay

Analysis of Article about Aspects of the Media - Essay Example The two articles argue that in most cases, the content that is produced by the media is bias. This is the main point that the two articles seek to make. The claims that are made in the articles are however very different. Feldman is of the opinion that media bias has come up in recent years and as such, the consumer is now exposed to biased content as opposed to earlier years when the media had a tradition of ensuring objectivity in their reporting. Bias is, therefore, a product of contemporary media. Boring, however, is of the opinion that the media has never at any point tried to avoid bias, and has indeed always promoted it. According to him, bias is in the nature of media from the beginning. The two writers do agree that there is a presence of bias in the media. However, the article by Feldman asserts that the bias that is in the media news and reports is over and that the audience that is the consumer of this news is more likely to perceive host bias as well as story bias in the opinionated news of the media that they perceive in the non-opinionated news. The article by Boreing, on the other hand, promotes the opinion that the bias in the content of the media is in such a way that the consumer does not notice it as it is geared towards influencing his thoughts and actions. The two writers disagree on different points. The main point of disagreement is on when biased reporting in the media began. Boreing asserts that right from the beginning; the media has always been biased and has never actually made any attempts at objectivity. Feldman, on the other hand, suggests that bias in the media has come up in recent times as a result of changes in the presentation style of the cable news that has seen the news depart from the tradition of being objective. Lack of objectivity in the media is, therefore, a recent phenomenon according to Feldman. The lack of objectivity in the media according to Feldman has been promoted by the use of the cable news. This has seen the rise in the expression of explicit personal opinions and bias in the news coverage.  

Film Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Film Art - Essay Example While Zombieland may exist in the kitsch horror genre, the film can be analyzed with the same critical tools as more artistic films. This essay examines a portion of Zombieland to consider the way elements of mise-en-scene, cinematography, editing, and sound combine to help the viewer understand the complete film. A film’s mise-en-scene is perhaps its most comprehensive element. Mise-en-scene is a French term referring to everything that appears on the screen.1 There are a number of prominent mise-en-scene elements in the clip from Zombieland. From an overarching perspective one considers that the entire film world has been altered as a means of establishing the post-apocalyptic environment. In this way there is minimal order. There are overturned cars in many scenes. Businesses are depicted as ransacked. In addition to these atmospheric elements, these scenes establish many of the narrative concerns that will be featured throughout the film. For instance, in one scene the mise-en-scene contains a football field, a man running, and a zombie running after the man. These elements are used to establish the importance of escaping zombies. In another scene the film displays an individual sitting on a bathroom stall. In this scene, mise-en—scene elements are combined with sound noises to create suspense and horror. A medium-range shot establishes the individual sitting in the bathroom stall. Loud zombie noises are then heard, before the individual is finally attacked by a zombie. Another major film element is cinematography. Cinematography is the movement of the camera capturing the film.2 This specific scene makes great use of cinematography. The opening shots feature an upside-down car. The camera is then turned upside-down as a zombie enters the screen. The next major scene is a long-shot the world. This long-shot of the world demonstrates to the viewer how large-scale the zombie problem has become, as it is clear that the

ASPECT OF CONMTRACT Essay Example for Free

ASPECT OF CONMTRACT Essay Understanding the essential elements of a valid contract in a business context P1.1. Explain the importance of the essential elements required for the formation of a valid contract There are several important elements in order to form a valid contract. 1. Offer and Acceptance.- In order to create a valid contract , there must be a lawfull offer by one party and lawfull acceptance of the same by the other party 2. Intention to Create Legal Relationship- In case,there is not such intetion on the part of partyes, there is not contract. Agreements of social and domestic nature do not contemplate legal relations .Case ; Balfour vs Balfour (1919) 3. Lowfull Consideration. Consideration has been defined in various ways Acourding to Blackstone Consideration is recompense given by the party contracting to another in other words of Pollock Consideration is the price for wich the promise of the another is brought †¦.consideration is known as quid pro-quo or something in return 4. Capacity of Parties ;The parties to an agreement must be competent to contract. If either of the parties does not have the capacity to contract , the contract is not valid Accourding the following persons are incopetent to contract ; a -miners, b-persons of unsound mind c-person disqualifield by low to wich they ar subject 5. Lawfull Object.; The object of an agreement must be valid . Object has nothing to do with consideration it means to purpoase or design of the contract. This when one hires a house for use of a gambling house , the object of the contract is to run a gambling house 6. Legal formailities ; An oral Contract is a perfectly valid contract espect in those cases where writing registration etc,is required by some statute, in India writing is required in cases of sale, mortgage lease and gift on immovable propriety, negociable instrument etc 7. Certainity of Meaning; Acourding to Section 29; Agreement the meaning of wich is not Certain or capable of being made certain are avoid 8. Posibility of Performance; If the act is imposible in itselfe physically or legally if cannot be enforced at law. For example Mr A agrees with B to discover treasure by magic. SUCH agreements is not enforceable P1.2. Discuss the impact of different types of contract A contract is an agreement between two parties that must include an offer , an acceptance and a consideration .There are a variety of different types of contracts used for different purposes, in addition, certain types of contracts may be more popular in one jurisdiction than in another Bilateral and unilateral implied, viodable,executory and oral contractat are among the common types of contracts used throughout the world Bilateral contracts make up the majority of the contracts drafted. A bilateral contract consists of tho parties who are under an obligation to do something or refain from doing something. For example a contract for the sale of goods is a bilateral contract. The buyer promises to purchase the product and, in turn, the seller promises to supply the product P1.3. Analyse terms ic contract with reference to their meaning and effect The terms of an agreement may be so vague and indefinite that in reality there is no contract in existence at all. (Scammell v Quston (1941)). The presence of a vague term will not prove fatal in every case. The contract itself may provide any disputes about the operation of the agreement can be resolved. (Foley v Classique Ltd (1934)). A court can ascertain the terms of a contract by reference to a trade custom or a course of previous dealings between the parties. (Hillas Co Ltd v Arcos Ltd (1932)). A meaningless term which is subsidiary to the main agreement can be ignored and the rest of the contract enforced. (Nicolene Ltd v Simmonds (1953)). Express terms, are the details of a contract which have been specifically agreed between the parties. (Harling v Eddy (1951)). There are a number of express term that feature a standard contract such as exemption clauses, liquidated damages clauses and price variatio n clauses. This terms can effect a contract. For example liquidated damages clause can affect the term in a contract, because it lays down the amount of damages that will be payable in the event of a breach of a contract. Cancelation charges are an example of a liquidated damages clause. Implied terms, represent addition terms that are implied into an agreement. Those can be by custom (Hutton v Warren (1836), by common low (The Moorcock (1889)), or by statute. The most common being the sale or supply of goods Act 1979. Be able to apply the elements of a contract in business situations P2.1. Apply the elements of contract in a given business scenarios In the business scenario 1, at an auction sale the call for bids by an auctioneer is an invitation to treat, the bids are offers. The auctioneer selects the highest bid and acceptance is completed by the fall of the hammer. (Payne v Cave (1789)). Advertising a forthcoming auction sale does not amount to an offer to hold it. (Harris v Nickerson (1873)). An offer can be revoked at any time before the acceptance but it will only be effective when the oferee learns about it, and it is not necessary that the oferor himself should tell the oferee that the offer has been revoked. (Dikinson v Dodds (1876)). The case study shows that the offeror was Montblanc auction and Harry, Miss Kaur the oferee shown the intention to bid for pen fountain at Montblanc auction, willing to travel to Manchester for it, and she also shown intention to buy pen fountain from Harry but she did not decided 100%, therefore, even though the offer was expre ssed to be open until after lunch break, such offer can be revoked before the end of the time limit, because Miss Kaur did not agreed with the offer. A promise to keep an offer open will be binding if it can be enforced as a separate contract. A legally binding option will be created if the oferee provides some consideration in return for the offeror’s promise to keep the offer open. (Mountford v Scott (1975)). In the case study, Miss Kaur could have paid a deposit in advance to make sure she could still have the pen fountain. Consideration was shown between Harry and Miss Kaur, and each side promise something to the other party. This was not the case with the Mountblanc Auction, even if the auction for the pen collection supposed to be open, the parties did not enter into a consideration. Intention, the low is not concern itself with purely domestic or social arrangements. The parties must have intended their agreement to have legal consequences. In the first case Mountblanc auction showed the intention to offer for bid the pen fountain, and this was mention in the list of items to be auctioned, but because of one or another reason this was cancelled. On the other hand Harry shown the intention to wait until after lunch for Miss Kaur, but because it wasn’t any written contract between them, he decided to sell his pen fountain with a better price of  £1000, breaching the informal contract that he had with Miss Kaur. In the context of contract low, Miss Kaur cannot take any action against the auctioneer for the expense of her travel to the auction and she cannot take any action to  Harry for not selling the fountain pen to her. Business scenario 1, shows that the agreement between Charles, owner of a house, and Murphy, who supposed to make renovation in the house by a set amount of money ( £50.000), at a specific date. Secondly, consideration is shown in the case study where both parties agreed to give something in return. Charles agreed to pay  £50.000 for the house renovation, and Murphy agreed with the sum initially. Intention, is shown when Murphy asked for an increase in salary in order for the job to be done in time, even if Charles agreed initially, than he turn his back on the offer that he made, respecting only the legal terms from the contract. In this situation Murphy can’t make any legal action against Charles. Capacity, in this case both parties where capable of fulfilling their commitments. Charles paying for the service, Murphy capable of doing the service. Genuineness of cons cent appeared between parties, when the initial contract was formed. Here was the time for Murphy to argue for an increase in salary, and not at a later date. Legality element of the contract is present, because it is nothing illegal or contrary to public policy. P2.2. Apply the law on terms in different contracts A standard form contract (sometimes referred to as an adhesion or boilerplate contract) is a contract between two parties, where the terms and conditions of the contract are set by one of the parties, and the other party has little or no ability to negotiate more favourable terms and is thus placed in a take it or leave it position. Examples of standard form contracts are insurance policies (where the insurer decides what it will and will not insure, and the language of the contract) and contracts with government agencies (where certain clauses must be included by law or regulation). For example MetLife insurance company, has the terms of the contract are contained in a written document, the parties will be quite clear about what they have agreed to and this is likely to minimise the possibility of disputes a later stage. For example MetLife can make a contract of a life cover with a minimum of  £7, in which the client would know the standard terms and condition stipulated in the c ontract. It would be very time- consuming to negotiate individual terms with every customer, because the company is offering a standard service to a large number of people. Standard form, business-to-consumer contracts fulfil  an important efficiency role in the mass distribution of goods and services. These contracts have the potential to reduce transaction costs by eliminating the need to negotiate the many details of a contract for each instance a product is sold or a service is used. However, these contracts also have the ability to trick or abuse consumers because of the unequal bargaining power between the parties. For example, where a standard form contract is entered into between an ordinary consumer and the salesperson of a multinational corporation, the consumer typically is in no position to negotiate the standard terms. As example MetLife representative often does not have the authority to alter the terms, even if either side to the transaction were capable of understanding all the terms in the fine print. These contracts are typically drafted by corporate lawyers far away from where the underlying consumer and vendor transaction takes place. The danger of accepting unfair or unconscionable terms is greatest where these artful drafters of such contracts present consumers with attractive terms on the visible or â€Å"shopped† terms of most interest to consumers, such as price and quality, but then slip one-sided terms benefiting the seller into the less visible, fine print clauses least likely to be read or understood by consumers. For example a customer of MetLife can be assured for accident protection, but there are only a specific accident that the company may cover the client. In many cases, the consumer may not even see these contracts until the transaction has occurred. In some cases, the seller knows and takes advantage of the knowledge that consumers will not read or make decisions on these unfair terms.(Standard Form of Contracts, 2014). P2.3. Evaluate the effect of different terms in given contracts In the business scenario 4, terms stipulated in the contract are the payment for the research assistant ( £25000) and the working hours, witch in this case are â€Å"whatever hours are necessary to complete the assignments given to her†. Section 1 of Employment Rights Act 1996 that in fact requires the employer to state the amount of hours worked by the employee. Disciplinary procedures had to be insert in the terms of a contract, where, for example Miss Y had to receive a number of warnings that will be given to her before suspension or dismissal, for her behaviour of wearing trousers and not a dress, on the morning of 2nf June. Because of this terms of the contract, Miss Y can  appeal to grievance procedures that relate to complains in regard to any aspect of the employment with witch the employee is not satisfied. In this case dismissal for asserting the right is automatically unfair and there is no service requirements by reason of section 104 of the ERA 1996. (Riches, S. Allen, V. 2011). Under the Employment Act 2002, Miss Y can claim compensation for unfair dismissal. She can also claim because of the Working Time Regulation (SI 1998/1833),where is stipulated that the employee has a maximum of 48 of work a week, a daily rest of period at least 11 consecutive hours in 24 hours, and in work rest break of 20 minutes for those working more them 6 hours daily. Miss Y, could also claim compensation and Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, if the court finds that she receives medical treatment for depression due to the employment environment. Understand principles of liability in negligence in business activities P3.1. Contrast liability in tort with contractual liability Tort liability arises out of a civil wrong, for example, people who do business, sole proprietor or in a partnership are liable for the torts committed by themselves and for torts committed in the course of the business by their agent and/or partners. However, one may avoid tort liability for the acts of business associates if they operate their business as a corporation or a limited liability company. Thus, the choice of entity is too perceived to have potential benefit if one is concerned about limiting one’s tort liability. Regardless of what type of business organization a person is liable for torts committed by himself, if for example he/ she is driving the company vehicle and are involved in an accident the other party is liable if he/she negligently operated the vehicle whether he/she operate as a corporation, partnership or sole proprietor. (Business Law, 2014). Contractual Liability, appears when a corporation or a limited liability company may protect one’s pe rsonal assets should the operator incur a significant contractual liability from the business operation. For example, a building contractor signs a contract to construct an office building for a business client and fails to meet the contractual deadline, the business client holds the contractor liable for consequential damages profits lost for the time the client is not able to occupy the new building. Particularly in the construction area, contractual  liability may exceed simply the contract price. So long as one does not personally guarantee the contract of the business entity, his or her personal assets, assets owned outside the corporation or LLC, are protected as the corporate operator should not be personally liable for the corporate debts, contracts and contractual liabilities. Often, however, people dealing with corporations demand that the principals of the corporation personally guarantee the contracts. (Business Law, 2014). P3.2. Explain the nature of liability in negligence Liability of negligence appears when a claimant is able to prove that: â€Å"the defendant owed him a legal duty of care; the defendant was in breach of their duty; and the claimant suffered injury or loss as a result of the breach†. (Riches, S. Allen, V. 2011:348). For example a producer of goods may be liable to a consumer for loss and damage caused by his defective product under the tort of negligence. A consumer must establish the manufacturer owed him a duty of care. In Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) case, House of Lords established the principles that a manufacturer was a duty of care to all persons who are likely to come into contact with his goods. The breach in duty occurs if the fallowing factors such as the like hood that the damage or injury will be incurred, the serious of any damage or injury, the cost and ease of taking precautions and the social need for the activity. (Balton v Stone (1951). In the final part the claimant has to prove that he suffered damage if t his damage was caused by a negligent misstatement as in the case of Hedley Byrne Co Ltd v Heller and Partners Ltd (1963), or it was consequent upon foreseeable physical injury or damage to property such in the case of Junior Brooks Ltd v Veitcho Co Ltd (1982). P3.3. Explain how a business can be vicariously liable Employers can be held vicariously liable for acts of negligence or omission on the part of their employees in the course of employment even if the employer did not authorise or was unaware of the acts in question. To mount a successful defence, an employer must demonstrate either that the employee was not negligent or that the employee was acting in an individual capacity unrelated to the business of the employer. In some circumstances employers may also be liable for the misdemeanours of their independent contractors or  workers employed by a third party, such as an agency. For example, this applies where the employer authorises the wrongful act or had overall responsibility that could not be delegated. For example an employee that works for a catering agency, who does wrong doing at one of the clients that the agency is sending him to work for, the agency can be responsible for. The main deciding factor as to which employer has the responsibility for a sub-contractor or agency worker is that of control. The employer who gives direction and instructions for the work to be conducted will usually be the one to bear responsibility for misdemeanours carried out during the course of that work. If more than one employer can be identified as having control over the work of the employee then the principle of dual vicarious liability may apply. This is a principle introduced by the decision of Lord Justice May in the recent case of Via systems (Tyneside) Limited v Thermal Transfer (Northern) Limited Others. The case involved compensation for a flood at a factory which had been caused by the sub-contractor of a sub-contractor. In his ruling, Lord Justice May decided that more than one employ er could be subject to a claim and that the amounts awarded should be split equal unless it could be clearly demonstrated that one party bore more of the responsibility than the other. This courageous decision overturned the principle established in Laugher v Pointer in 1826 that only one employer could be held vicariously liable. (Vicarious Liability, 2014). Be able to apply principles of liability in negligence in business situations P4.1. Apply the elements of the tort of negligence and defences in different business situations The tort of negligence is concern with certain kinds of careless conduct with cause damage or loss to others. As explain in task 3.2. There are three factors to consider. Firstly duty of care, if this duty is break and if the other party suffered any damages. In the Business Scenario 5 it is presented the fact that a UK ship was taking oil in Sydney harbour, spilling oil in the water, and because of a spark it set fire to a wharf witch was at 200 yards distance. The case also shows that safety precaution were taken but does not explain how. On the one hand, it can be argued therefore that the duty of care of the UK ship was broken, because the ship supposed to take more precautions on the duty of care and harm any neighbour. The defendant has break their duty of care  because the likelihood of an accident such as this could be foreseen. On the other hand, it can be argued that the defendant can claim â€Å"res ipsa loquitur†, witch mean that the facts spick for themselves, and it can be prove to court that the UK ship took enough safety precaution to avoid any accident, therefore the defendant would not be seen as negligent. The condition must be satisfied for res ipsa to come to play are in case of the event which caused the accident must have been the defendant’s control, witch in this case can be argued that it was, and the accident must be in such nature that it would not have occurred if proper care had been taken by the defendant, witch again could be argued that the ship took enough safety precaution. The damage that occur after this accident was that the claimant suffered damaged on his wharf, thereby he has to prove in court that this damages was made as a consequences of the UK ship actions in the harbour. In the case of Business Scenario 6, the negligence was made by Shell, because they had failed to provide protection goggles to Bell while he was working in spite of the fact that this was not a normal practice at the firm. Negligence was also made but the employee Bell, because firstly he supposed to protect himself especially because he had lost one eye, and he could have been more precaut. The breach of duty was made by Shell, because the job that Bell has implied vehicle maintenance, and while working with materials such as metals, the company should have provided protection for Bell under the Consumer Protection Act 1987. Bell, can therefore claim compensation for its employee negligence towards him, because he suffered injury while working at Shell Company. P4.2. Apply the elements of vicarious liability in given business situations Low states that an employer is liable for damage caused to another person by his employee, while the employee was caring out his work. The employer is liable even though he was not in any way at fault, and this rule even if seems to be unfair for the employer, it is based upon the law and policy. Employer and employee are regarded as â€Å"associated parties† in the business in which both are engaged. In the Business Scenario 7 and 8, Alf and Amos Bridge breach their contractual duties, therefore because they were acting at work, the employer is automatically consider guilty as well by the court. References: 1. Business Law, Available at: http://pullman-wa.com/law/businessLaw.htm, [Accessed on 12.03.2014]; 2. Riches, S. Allen, V. (2011), Keenan and Riches’ BUSINESS LAW, 10th (ed), Pearson: London; 3. Standard form Contracts, Available at: http://faircontracts.org/what-are-standard-form-contracts, [Accessed on 15.03.2014]; 4. Vicarious Liability , Available at : http://www.uktrainingworldwide.com/BB/VicariousLiability.htm; [Accessed on 13.03.2014];

Protecting Our Children from the Internet Essay examples -- Computers

Protecting Our Children from the Internet Children of today are growing up in a technological world. Almost every home has a computer in it. Some homes possibly have more than one computer. The children who live in these homes are learning to use a computer before they can even walk and talk. For example, my seven-month-old son already has a Fisher Price computer. It consists of a bright colorful keyboard, with large keypads, that fits over the keyboard of our home computer. It comes with a CD that shows him images on the screen when he hits the keyboard. He loves "working" on his computer and I love the fact that although he does not know it yet, he is essentially learning how to use a computer. As my son gets older and begins to use the computer more and more, I would like to let him have access to the Internet but not everything that comes along with it. I know that this will not be for some time, but that gives me the opportunity to learn how to protect him from things that are not appropriate for him. For example, there is a website called Rotten.com that shows pictures of people who have been shot or stabbed. It even has the picture showing Nicole Simpson practically beheaded! I know this because my eighteen year old brother likes to look at this website and has shown me before. It is fine if my brother or any other adult wants to view that kind of garbage, but I do not want my son or any other children for that matter, looking at these types of websites. Of course the only way for a parent to be one hundred percent sure of what their child is looking at on the Internet is to look at it with them. But that is not something that every parent has time to do. This does not mean that we cannot let our children use t... ...ir children from objectionable websites on the Internet. Some will be better suited for certain families than others. To find out for sure what system is best for you and your family, you need to do some research and try them out. Works Cited "America Online Parental Controls." AOL.com http://www.aol.com/info/parentcontrol.html (10 Nov. 2001) "Child Safety Software for the Internet." Net Nanny 4. (30 Oct. 2001). http://www.netnanny.com (13 Nov. 2001) "SafeSurf - The Original Internet Rating System." The SafeSurf Internet Rating Standard. Ray Soular and Wendy Simpson. http://www.safesurf.com/sspaln.htm (21 Nov. 2001) "Virtual Software Store." CYBERsitter 2000 v4.1. http://ww.virtualsoftware.com/ProdPage.cfm?ProdID=1772 (17 Nov. 2001) "We-Blocker Internet Filtering Software." We-Blocker. http://www.we-blocker.com/about/index.html (20 Nov. 2001)

The Important Things

The Important Things What are the most important things in my life? Family is the number one most important thing in my life. My girlfriend, education, career, money and happiness are also very important to me in life. Without my family I wouldn’t be the person I am today. I couldn’t ask for better parents. And I have a little brother I wouldn’t be able to live without. My parents work very hard to provide a wonderful life for us. We really enjoy going camping and taking other vacations together. It gives us a lot of quality time to spend together.My family helps me through the hard times in life. I have the best grandparents in the world that would do anything for me. I have been very fortunate being able to spend lots of time with them while growing up. We have made many special memories together that I will always hold close to my heart. There were six brothers and sisters on my dad’s side and four sisters on my mom’s side. Combining the two, I h ave twelve amazing cousins. We are all very close and get together to celebrate all of the birthdays and holidays.I love my family with all my heart and could never ask for a better one. My girlfriend means the world to me. Not only is she my girlfriend, she is my best friend. She knows how to make me smile when I’m not in a good mood. She is the one person I know I can count on. I love her with all my heart. I will never let her go. We have been together since the beginning of high school. We have a special connection with each other; there is something that will never break us apart. Education is a very important event in my life.Getting laid off for the second winter really inspired me to go back to school. I am now in a four semester program to become a Process Operator. Lewis and Clark provide a great education. I have been working hard and keeping my grades up so that I can graduate on time and look for a better job. My career is what I am working hard in school for now . The right job is out there for me somewhere. After I complete my education, I will find it. I am very determined. I feel that being younger I might have some advantages. My oal is to get hired on at Phillips 66. They will be hiring for the foreseeable future. Nine out of twenty people were hired from the last class that graduated from the program that I am in now. My cousin was one of them. Can money buy happiness? Some people are extremely wealthy but also very lonely, while others are poor but happy with their surrounding family and friends they have. You can buy many things with money but not happiness. There are many ways to obtain money. Some people may work for it while others might win the lottery.I am the type of person who works hard for my money and saves it. The more money I have available the happier I am with myself. I don’t let money take over my life though. I have a roof over my head and a meal to eat every night, so for that I am very happy. Being around my family and girlfriend is what truly brings happiness to my heart. The most important thing is to enjoy your life. Being happy is all that truly matters. Hold close those who are close to your heart. The love of family and the admiration of friends are much more important than wealth or privilege. The Important Things The Important Things What are the most important things in my life? Family is the number one most important thing in my life. My girlfriend, education, career, money and happiness are also very important to me in life. Without my family I wouldn’t be the person I am today. I couldn’t ask for better parents. And I have a little brother I wouldn’t be able to live without. My parents work very hard to provide a wonderful life for us. We really enjoy going camping and taking other vacations together. It gives us a lot of quality time to spend together.My family helps me through the hard times in life. I have the best grandparents in the world that would do anything for me. I have been very fortunate being able to spend lots of time with them while growing up. We have made many special memories together that I will always hold close to my heart. There were six brothers and sisters on my dad’s side and four sisters on my mom’s side. Combining the two, I h ave twelve amazing cousins. We are all very close and get together to celebrate all of the birthdays and holidays.I love my family with all my heart and could never ask for a better one. My girlfriend means the world to me. Not only is she my girlfriend, she is my best friend. She knows how to make me smile when I’m not in a good mood. She is the one person I know I can count on. I love her with all my heart. I will never let her go. We have been together since the beginning of high school. We have a special connection with each other; there is something that will never break us apart. Education is a very important event in my life.Getting laid off for the second winter really inspired me to go back to school. I am now in a four semester program to become a Process Operator. Lewis and Clark provide a great education. I have been working hard and keeping my grades up so that I can graduate on time and look for a better job. My career is what I am working hard in school for now . The right job is out there for me somewhere. After I complete my education, I will find it. I am very determined. I feel that being younger I might have some advantages. My oal is to get hired on at Phillips 66. They will be hiring for the foreseeable future. Nine out of twenty people were hired from the last class that graduated from the program that I am in now. My cousin was one of them. Can money buy happiness? Some people are extremely wealthy but also very lonely, while others are poor but happy with their surrounding family and friends they have. You can buy many things with money but not happiness. There are many ways to obtain money. Some people may work for it while others might win the lottery.I am the type of person who works hard for my money and saves it. The more money I have available the happier I am with myself. I don’t let money take over my life though. I have a roof over my head and a meal to eat every night, so for that I am very happy. Being around my family and girlfriend is what truly brings happiness to my heart. The most important thing is to enjoy your life. Being happy is all that truly matters. Hold close those who are close to your heart. The love of family and the admiration of friends are much more important than wealth or privilege.